90 research outputs found
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Performance modelling of a multiple threshold RED mechanism for bursty and correlated Internet traffic with MMPP arrival process
Access to the large web content hosted all over the world by users of the Internet engage
many hosts, routers/switches and faster links. They challenge the internet backbone to operate at
its capacity to assure e±cient content access. This may result in congestion and raises concerns over
various Quality of Service (QoS) issues like high delays, high packet loss and low throughput of the
system for various Internet applications. Thus, there is a need to develop effective congestion control
mechanisms in order to meet various Quality of Service (QoS) related performance parameters. In this
paper, our emphasis is on the Active Queue Management (AQM) mechanisms, particularly Random
Early Detection (RED). We propose a threshold based novel analytical model based on standard RED
mechanism. Various numerical examples are presented for Internet traffic scenarios containing both the
burstiness and correlation properties of the network traffic
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A discrete-time performance model for congestion control mechanism using queue thresholds with QOS constraints
This paper presents a new analytical framework for the congestion control of Internet traffic using a
queue threshold scheme. This framework includes two discrete-time analytical models for the performance
evaluation of a threshold based congestion control mechanism and compares performance measurements through
typical numerical results. To satisfy the low delay along with high throughput, model-I incorporates one
threshold to make the arrival process step reduce from arrival rate Âż1 directly to Âż2 once the number of packets in
the system has reached the threshold value L1. The source operates normally, otherwise. Model-II incorporates
two thresholds to make the arrival rate linearly reduce from Âż1 to Âż2 with system contents when the number of
packets in the system is between two thresholds L1 and L2. The source operates normally with arrival rate Âż1
before threshold L1, and with arrival rate Âż2 after the threshold L2. In both performance models, the mean packet
delay W, probability of packet loss PL and throughput S have been found as functions of the thresholds and
maximum drop probability. The performance comparison results for the two models have also been made
through typical numerical results. The results clearly demonstrate how different load settings can provide
different tradeoffs between throughput, loss probability and delay to suit different service requirements
Reviews
Reviews of Business and New Zealand Society, Women in Trade Unions: Organizing the Unorganized, Labour Law and Industrial Relations in Asia, International and Comparative Industrial Relations: A Study of Industrialised Market Economies, The Challenge of Human Resource Management Directions and Debates in New Zealand, Visions of the Future of Social Justice: Essays on the Occasion of the ILO's 75th Aniversary, Coal, Class and Community: The United Mineworkers of New Zealand, 1880-1960, Higher Productivity and a Better Place to Work - Practical Ideas (or Owners and Managers of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, OECD Societies in Transition." The Future of Wo.rk and Leisure
On-Sky Operations with the ALES Integral Field Spectrograph
The integral field spectrograph configuration of the LMIRCam science camera
within the Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer (LBTI) facilitates 2 to 5
m spectroscopy of directly imaged gas-giant exoplanets. The mode, dubbed
ALES, comprises magnification optics, a lenslet array, and direct-vision
prisms, all of which are included within filter wheels in LMIRCam. Our
observing approach includes manual adjustments to filter wheel positions to
optimize alignment, on/off nodding to track sky-background variations, and
wavelength calibration using narrow band filters in series with ALES optics.
For planets with separations outside our 1"x1" field of view, we use a
three-point nod pattern to visit the primary, secondary and sky. To minimize
overheads we select the longest exposure times and nod periods given observing
conditions, especially sky brightness and variability. Using this strategy we
collected several datasets of low-mass companions to nearby stars
The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children - A resource for COVID-19 research:Antibody testing results, April – June 2021
The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) is a prospective population-based cohort which recruited pregnant women in 1990-1992 and has followed these women, their partners (Generation 0; G0) and their offspring (Generation 1; G1) ever since. The study reacted rapidly and repeatedly to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, deploying multiple online questionnaires and a previous home-based antibody test in October 2020. A second antibody test, in collaboration with ten other longitudinal population studies, was completed by 4,622 ALSPAC participants between April and June 2021. Of 4,241 participants with a valid spike protein antibody test result (8.2% were void), indicating antibody response to either COVID-19 vaccination or natural infection, 3,172 were positive (74.8%). Generational differences were substantial, with 2,463/2,555 G0 participants classified positive (96.4%) compared to 709/1,686 G1 participants (42.1%). Of 4,199 participants with a valid nucleocapsid antibody test result (9.2% were void), suggesting potential and recent natural infection, 493 were positive (11.7%); 248/2,526 G0 participants (9.8%) and 245/1,673 G1 participants (14.6%) tested positive, respectively. We also compare results for this round of testing to that undertaken in October 2020. Future work will combine these test results with additional sources of data to identify participants’ COVID-19 infection and vaccination status. These ALSPAC COVID-19 serology data are being complemented with linkage to health records and Public Health England pillar testing results as they become available, in addition to four previous questionnaire waves and a prior antibody test. Data have been released as an update to the previous COVID-19 datasets. These comprise: 1) a standard dataset containing all participant responses to all four previous questionnaires with key sociodemographic factors; and 2) individual participant-specific release files enabling bespoke research across all areas supported by the study. This data note describes the second ALSPAC antibody test and the data obtained from it
Swift X-Ray Observations of Classical Novae. II. The Super Soft Source sample
The Swift GRB satellite is an excellent facility for studying novae. Its
rapid response time and sensitive X-ray detector provides an unparalleled
opportunity to investigate the previously poorly sampled evolution of novae in
the X-ray regime. This paper presents Swift observations of 52
Galactic/Magellanic Cloud novae. We included the XRT (0.3-10 keV) X-ray
instrument count rates and the UVOT (1700-8000 Angstroms) filter photometry.
Also included in the analysis are the publicly available pointed observations
of 10 additional novae the X-ray archives. This is the largest X-ray sample of
Galactic/Magellanic Cloud novae yet assembled and consists of 26 novae with
super soft X-ray emission, 19 from Swift observations. The data set shows that
the faster novae have an early hard X-ray phase that is usually missing in
slower novae. The Super Soft X-ray phase occurs earlier and does not last as
long in fast novae compared to slower novae. All the Swift novae with
sufficient observations show that novae are highly variable with rapid
variability and different periodicities. In the majority of cases, nuclear
burning ceases less than 3 years after the outburst begins. Previous
relationships, such as the nuclear burning duration vs. t_2 or the expansion
velocity of the eject and nuclear burning duration vs. the orbital period, are
shown to be poorly correlated with the full sample indicating that additional
factors beyond the white dwarf mass and binary separation play important roles
in the evolution of a nova outburst. Finally, we confirm two optical phenomena
that are correlated with strong, soft X-ray emission which can be used to
further increase the efficiency of X-ray campaigns.Comment: Accepted to ApJ Supplements. Full data for Table 2 and Figure 17
available in the electronic edition. New version of the previously posted
paper since the earlier version was all set in landscape mod
LEECH: A 100 Night Exoplanet Imaging Survey at the LBT
In February 2013, the LEECH (LBTI Exozodi Exoplanet Common Hunt) survey began
its 100-night campaign from the Large Binocular Telescope atop Mount Graham in
Arizona. LEECH nearly complements other high-contrast planet imaging efforts by
observing stars in L' band (3.8 microns) as opposed to the shorter wavelength
near-infrared bands (1-2.3 microns). This part of the spectrum offers deeper
mass sensitivity for intermediate age (several hundred Myr-old) systems, since
their Jovian-mass planets radiate predominantly in the mid-infrared. In this
proceedings, we present the science goals for LEECH and a preliminary contrast
curve from some early data.Comment: IAUS 299 Proceeding
Low-NO atmospheric oxidation pathways in a polluted megacity
The impact of emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the atmosphere on the production of secondary pollutants, such as ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA), is mediated by the concentration of nitric oxide (NO). Polluted urban atmospheres are typically considered to be “high-NO” environments, while remote regions such as rainforests, with minimal anthropogenic influences, are considered to be “low NO”. However, our observations from central Beijing show that this simplistic separation of regimes is flawed. Despite being in one of the largest megacities in the world, we observe formation of gas- and aerosol-phase oxidation products usually associated with low-NO “rainforest-like” atmospheric oxidation pathways during the afternoon, caused by extreme suppression of NO concentrations at this time. Box model calculations suggest that during the morning high-NO chemistry predominates (95 %) but in the afternoon low-NO chemistry plays a greater role (30 %). Current emissions inventories are applied in the GEOS-Chem model which shows that such models, when run at the regional scale, fail to accurately predict such an extreme diurnal cycle in the NO concentration. With increasing global emphasis on reducing air pollution, it is crucial for the modelling tools used to develop urban air quality policy to be able to accurately represent such extreme diurnal variations in NO to accurately predict the formation of pollutants such as SOA and ozone
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